Steven Chu ( English : Steven Chu, 1948年2 28 - ) , Chinese-American physicist , native of Jiangsu Taicang , born in St. Louis ; due to " develop and capture atoms with laser cooling method " and get 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics . The current U.S. Secretary of Energy . February 1, 2013 announced the upcoming departure, but will remain in office to continue to obtain the consent of any person assumes office .

When Chu was appointed energy minister , he was a professor at the University of California , Berkeley, a physics and molecular and cell biology and director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , and his research is mainly concerned with research in a single biological systems at the molecular level . And before that, he was professor of physics at Stanford University . He actively advocate for more renewable energy and nuclear energy research, he believes change from fossil fuels is the key to tackling climate change . ] For example , he envisioned a global " glucose economy" , a form of low-carbon economy , the upcoming tropical plants produce glucose transported to the world , the same as today 's oil .

Life

 

Chu was born in St. Louis , Missouri, USA , graduated from Garden City High School. In 1970 he was a bachelor's degree at the University of Rochester , in 1976 at the University of California, Berkeley Ph.D. in physics , during which he received the National Science Foundation , Dr. prepare students scholarships. 2011 , honorary doctorate in engineering from New York University Institute of Technology and New York University Polytechnic 156th commencement address .

Chu was born scholars from home. His father朱汝瑾obtained a doctorate in chemical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and taught at Washington University in St. Louis and Brooklyn College ( now New York University Institute of Technology ) , was elected academician of Academia Sinica , and his mother, Li Jingzhen study economics . Grandfather Shu-Tian Li PhD in Civil Engineering from Cornell University , one of the pioneers of modern Chinese Hydraulic Engineering , former Dean of the Northern University . His mother's uncle is a famous physicist Li Shuhua , a Ph.D. in physics at the Sorbonne , he served as Minister of the Republic of China Ministry of Education and was elected Academician of Academia Sinica in 1948 . His brother built Zhu Wen (Gilbert Chu) was a professor of biochemistry and medicine at Stanford University . His brother Zhu Qin Wen (Morgan Chu) is one of the shareholders Irell Manella LLP law firm and served as a joint venture partner firms . [ 10 ] As for the other family, his two brothers and four Hall ( table ) brothers and sisters get three medical doctorate (MD), four Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D), and a Juris Doctor (JD) . In 1997, he married Jean Fetter , his wife is a British -American , and is a graduate of Oxford University physicist . He has two sons , Geoffrey and Michael, for his ex-wife Lisa Chu-Thielbar born .

Academic

 

Chu obtained a doctorate in 1976 in physics , University of California , Berkeley , in 1993 was elected as the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, 1997 research on laser cooling of atoms and particles , won that year 's Nobel Prize in Physics Be following Yang , Tsung-Dao Lee , Samuel Ting , won the Nobel Prize in Physics Chinese fourth , when he was aged 49 . Is also a professor of physics at Stanford University , People's Republic of Republic of Academia Sinica academician of Chinese Academy of expatriate Chinese Scholars Association, University of California, one of the founding director , and was a candidate for president of Harvard University .

August 2004 , as the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) director. Laboratory under the U.S. Department of Energy, is America's oldest national laboratory . Under the leadership of Steven Chu , the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has become a research center for biofuels and solar technologies. He led the laboratory 's Helios program, which aims to develop the use of solar power as a renewable source of energy for transportation .

December 15, 2008 , U.S. President-elect Barack Obama's nomination as the Secretary of Energy Steven Chu . January 21, 2009 , was sworn in as Secretary of Energy Steven Chu , he is the second former Labor Secretary Elaine Chao , served as head of the Chinese American Cabinet second place , it is the first U.S. cabinet as head of Nobel Prize winners. Steven Chu, the U.S. federal government in charge of energy policy formulation, development and management of energy sector management , energy-related technology research and development of nuclear weapons , prevent nuclear proliferation and other important work . The U.S. government in the formulation of energy policy in the future will face unprecedented challenges , the Minister of Energy will play a more important role, and Steven Chu is considered to be the ideal candidate to shoulder the heavy responsibility .

Family

 

Father Zhuru Jin (Ju Chin Chu), 1940 , graduated from the National Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University, 1943 to attend the Massachusetts Institute of America , the United States settled in 1946, received a doctorate .

Mother Lijing Zhen (Ching Chen Li), 1945 , graduated from Department of Economics, National Tsing Hua University , an MBA from MIT. LI Shu-tian , daughter of the famous water scientists .

Zhu Wen brother built (Gilbert Chu), Professor of Medicine at Stanford University .

Brother Zhu Qin Wen (Morgan Chu), a partner of the law firm .

Wife Jane Zhu (Jean Fetter), British physicist , born in Wales , he served as president of Stanford University and assistant director of admissions .

And his ex-wife (Lisa Chu-Thielbar) have two sons : Geoffrey and Michael.

Energy and Global Warming

 

Steven Chu to support more research alternative energy and nuclear power, which must be considered to replace existing fossil fuels to combat global warming change . In the " 2009 National Science Bowl " contest in which he stressed the importance of environmental science and engineering students' future plans and global initiatives on , said a common radiation hazards caused by coal-fired power station a hundred times more than one nuclear power plant .

Chu warned that global warming this century will be completely destroyed in California agriculture.

He also joined the Copenhagen Climate Council - the business and technology cooperation between international institutions , which created a good opportunity for the 2009 World Climate Conference in Copenhagen .

Chu play a significant role in the formation of a new bid to persuade the Energy Biosciences Institute on . The Institute of British Petroleum (BP) $ 500 million investment by the University of California, Berkeley , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign joint leadership to implement the establishment . However, this incident has caused the University of California, Berkeley, a controversy . Many people are worried that this may affect the reputation of the school joint academic independence .

He based part of the research work at the University of California, Berkeley , Chu speculated a global " glucose economy" , a form of a low-carbon economy , could replace the current system . In the future, special varieties of high- glucose plants grown in the tropics , processed , and then shipped the chemical shipped to other countries , like today, like oil . " St. Petersburg Times ," said Steven Chu, the concept of " the scale required to deal with global warming shows foresight ."

Honors and Achievements

 

Chu won the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Humboldt Prize in 1995. In 1997 he and Claude Cohen Qi Tan Naughtie and William Daniel Phillips due to the invention of " laser cooling and trapping of atoms ," shared the Nobel Prize in Physics . Chu is now a U.S. National Academy of Sciences , the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , the American Physical Society membership , the Republic of Academia Sinica , foreign academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Korea Institute of Science and Technology foreign academicians .

In 2007 , Steven Chu at Boston University graduation ceremony and delivered an important speech , and received an honorary doctorate from the school. Located west of Walnut Creek , California Berkeley "Diablo" magazine in 2009 for the April issue of selection - Dr. Steve Chu annual eco winner . Then in the 2009 graduation ceremony at Harvard University , was awarded an honorary doctorate . In 2011 , he was awarded an honorary degree at the Polytechnic Institute of New York University , it was his father who taught for several years in the same organization . [ 14 ] May 2012 speech at the Pennsylvania State University 's graduation ceremony and was granted an honorary doctorate .

Energy Minister

Steven Chu and President Barack Obama meet in February 5, 2009 .

January 20, 2009 , the U.S. Senate passed without objection nominate Steven Chu as energy secretary , and on January 21, 2009 The new government was sworn in as Obama 's energy minister post. Chu is the first U.S. cabinet as head of the Nobel Prize winner , but also after the former Labor Elaine Chao , the second as the U.S. head of the Chinese cabinet .

However , his scientific work continues , including in February 2010 published a paper on gravitational redshift in "Nature " magazine ( 463,926-929 ) on [ 16] The second co-authored papers published in July 2010 . [ 17 ] [ 18 ]

In March 2011 , Chu said that federal regulators should not be because of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster , the United States plans to delay approving construction licenses for nuclear power plants . " I think these things can proceed, " Chu told reporters on Capitol Hill , he was referring to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission in the pending approval of the building permit application .

President Obama's State of the Union to Congress in 2013 when Chu was elected minister designated by the survivors unable to attend.

Anecdote

 

Chu was in middle school performance is not good, but the middle grades , their love of painting , all the subjects , he is only part geometry and English lessons are interested . He believes that reading must take a critical spirit , should pay attention to the process of reasoning , not just the result , the other is to in-depth and creativity.